Trichomes and cannabinoid hemp (to the theory of selection of non-narcotic varieties)

The monograph examines the theoretical issues of the selection of hemp associated with the functioning of two types of trichomes - glandular and cystolite, which play an important role in the viability of plants.

The main purpose of glandular hairs is to protect plants from pests and diseases. They contain cannabinoids, which contain narcotic substances. The morphological structure of glandular hairs, regularities of their localization on vegetative and generative organs, features of synthesis and inheritance of cannabinoids are presented. The results of biological research of glands allowed to develop theoretical bases and methodical methods of selection of varieties for reducing the content of cannabinoids in plants and to obtain non-narcotic varieties as a significant contribution to the overall fight against drug addiction. The comparative study of narcotic and non-narcotic varieties, which shows certain changes in the functioning of the ferruginous hairs, features inheritance of the sign of non-narcotic. It is indicated on methods of fixing this feature in offspring.

Compared with the glandular hairs, hemolysts of cystolite hairs are still poorly investigated. Therefore, the information shown in the monograph is of great importance. Cystolite hairs have a protective and physiological role aimed at protecting plants against adverse growing conditions, regulating the temperature and water regime of plants. Morphological peculiarities of the structure and density of placement of trichomes on different organs of plants were revealed. It was found that the largest number of cystolytic hairs is found on the lower surface of the leaves. According to this sign there are significant inter-grade differences. This makes it possible to select plants to increase the degree of pubescence of hemp leaves, which is relevant for varieties grown in arid conditions.

The monograph is intended for biologists, breeders and geneticists who deal with hemp, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in raising scientific and cognitive knowledge.

Content

Foreword 5

SECTION 1. Glandular hairs and their connection with cannabinoids 9

1.1. Retrospection 9

1.2. Morphological signs of glandular hairs and their localization on different organs of plants 18

1.3. The size of the glandular hairs of the perineum of female flowers 22

1.4. The density of the glandular hairs of the flowering flowers of female flowers 27

1.5. Lack of direct connection between the density of the glandular hairs of the perineum of female flowers and the content of cannabinoids 31

1.6. Glandular hairs of male flower pears 37

1.7. Features of the functioning of internal secretory structures 40

1.8. The value of glandular hairs and their secretory substances for plants and humans 43

Conclusion 47

SECTION 2. Variability of plants by content of cannabinoids 51

2.1. Retrospective 51

2.2. Ontogenetic change in the content of cannabinoids in vegetative and generative organs of plants 71

2.2.1. The difference between female, male and single-parent plants by the content of cannabinoids 72

2.2.2. Distinction of generative organs according to the content of cannabinoids 77

2.3. The difference between small leaves of inflorescences and perineums of female flowers and their mixture of cannabinoids 82

2.4. Comparative determination of the content of cannabinoids in oranges and blends of small leaflets and oranges 85

2.5. Differences of varieties with the content of cannabinoids 87

2.6. Influence of weather conditions on the content of cannabinoids 95

2.7. Changing the content of cannabinoids in offspring selection 100

2.8. Relationship between the smell of plants and the content of cannabinoids 103

2.9. Changes in the content and proportion of components of cannabinoids in narcotic and non-narcotic varieties due to selection 109

2.10. Significance of modern non-narcotic hemp for society and production 119

2.10.1. Marijuana is a negative social phenomenon 119

2.10.2. Practical use of konoleleproduktsii 121

2.10.2.1. Food direction 121

2.10.2.2. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic direction 123

2.10.2.3. Direction of production of textile and twisted products 125

2.10.2.4. Construction direction 126

2.10.2.5. Bioenergetic direction 127

2.10.2.6. Pulp and paper direction 128

Conclusion 129

Section 3. Cystolite Hairs 133

3.1. Retrospect 133

3.2. Localization of cystolite hairs on vegetative and generative organs of plants 136

3.3. Changing the morphological signs of cystolite hairs on the leaves along the stem 142

3.3.1. Changing the length and density of cystolite hairs on the central vein of leaves 142

3.3.2. Changing the density of cystolite hairs on the lower and upper side of the leaves 147

3.4. Differences of varieties according to morphological signs of cystolite hairs 149

3.4.1. Differences of varieties by length and density of cystolite hairs on the central vein of leaves 149

3.4.2. Differences of varieties by length and density of cystolite hairs on the lower and upper side of leaves 152

3.5. Value of cystolite and glandular hairs on flowering female flowers 157

3.6. The value of cystolytic hairs for plants 162

Conclusion 166

Annex 169

Literature 213